What is a Sump Pump?

Water in your basement, or crawl space, can cause significant, and expensive, damage. That’s where a sump pump comes in. It’s basically a device that pumps water out to keep your space dry and prevent your sub-floor area from getting flooded. 

So, what exactly is a sump pump…?? This guide will tell you everything you need to know about sump pumps, what they do, and how they do it. This is your straightforward guide to understanding sump pumps and keeping your place protected from water damage.

How Does a Sump Pump Work?

A sump pump is designed to detect rising water and then move it away from your foundations. Let's walk through the key steps involved, so you can clearly understand how it works to keep your space dry.

Key Components of a Sump Pump System

A sump pump system isn't just one piece of equipment; it's a complete system working to keep water away. To understand how it all works, let's look at the main components:

🧿 Sump Pit

The sump pit, or drainage sump pit, is essentially a hole in your basement or crawl space floor. It's designed to collect water as it seeps in. Think of it as a basin where the water can collect. Depending on your setup, it can be a pre formed plastic liner or a dug out area. It's the starting point for any water that needs to be pumped out.

🧿 Pump Motor

The motor is what provides the power to move the water. It's what drives the impeller, which is the part that actually pushes the water out. The power of the motor will determine how much water it can move, and how quickly.

🧿 Float Switch

The float switch is a crucial part that detects when the water level rises in the sump pit. When the water reaches a certain level, the float switch triggers the pump to turn on. It's like a little sensor that says, 'Okay, time to pump!' There are different types of switches, but they all serve the same purpose: automating the pump's operation.

🧿 Discharge Line

Once the pump motor is running, the discharge line carries the water away from your foundation. It's usually a pipe that leads outside, directing the water to a safe drainage area, away from your home. 

Types of Sump Pumps

Sump pumps come in a few different styles, each with its own strengths and best uses. Here are the main types:

⭐ Submersible Sump Pumps ⭐

As the name suggests, these pumps are designed to be submerged in the water inside the sump pit. They're typically more powerful and quieter than pedestal pumps. The motor is sealed in a waterproof housing, allowing it to operate while underwater.

⭐ Pedestal Sump Pumps ⭐

Pedestal pumps have their motor mounted on a pedestal, above the sump pit. A pipe extends down into the pit to draw water up to the pump. These are generally less expensive and easier to repair than submersible pumps, but they can be louder and take up more space.

⭐ Manual Sump Pumps ⭐

These pumps require someone to manually turn them on and off. They don't have an automatic float switch. Manual pumps are often used in situations where flooding is infrequent and you want to control when the pump operates.

⭐ Automatic Sump Pumps ⭐

These pumps have a float switch that automatically turns the pump on when the water level in the sump pit rises to a certain point. This automation is very convenient and provides peace of mind, as you don't have to worry about constantly monitoring the water level. Most modern sump pumps are automatic.

Do I Need a Sump Pump?

The need for a sump pump really depends on your property and its surrounding environment. Here are some key factors to consider:

⁉️ Basement or Crawl Space Depth: If your basement or crawl space is located below the water table, a sump pump is highly recommended.

⁉️ History of Flooding: If you've experienced flooding in the past, a sump pump is a must-have.

⁉️ High Water Table: If you live in an area with a high water table, meaning the groundwater level is close to the surface, you're at greater risk of water intrusion.

⁉️ Heavy Rainfall: Areas with significant rainfall are more prone to flooding, making a sump pump a wise investment.

⁉️ Poor Drainage: If the grading around your home doesn't direct water away from the foundation, a sump pump can help manage the excess water.

Even if you don't tick all these boxes, a sump pump can provide an extra layer of protection and peace of mind.

Choosing the Right Sump Pump

Choosing the right sump pump involves considering several factors to ensure it meets your specific needs and effectively protects your property. Here's a breakdown of the key considerations:

💥 Power

The power, measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW), tells you the pump's motor strength. A higher horsepower rating means the pump can move more water and move water over a greater elevation. For most residential properties, a 250 to 370 W pump will suffice.

If you have a deep basement, a high water table, or a longer discharge line, you may need a more powerful pump.

💥 Flow Rate

Flow rate measures how much water the pump can move and is measured in litres per minute (L/min) or, litres per hour (L/hr). For a typical house, a 4500 L/hr to 7800 L/hr flow rate is enough.

💥 Switch Type

The switch controls when the pump turns on and off. A float switch rises with the water level and triggers the pump when it reaches a certain height; whereas an electronic switch uses a sensor to detect when the water level rises.

💥 Pump Type

The 2 main types of pumps are submersible and pedestal pumps. Submersible pumps are more powerful and quieter to operate; whereas pedestal pumps are less expensive and easier to repair, but take up more space.

💥 Head Pressure

Head pressure is the vertical distance the pump needs to move the water and is measured in metres (m). When choosing a pump, consider the vertical height from the sump pit, and the horizontal distance to where the water will be discharged, as both affect the head pressure you need. The common head pressure range is 3 to 5 metres.

Sump Pump Backup Systems

Sump pumps are needed the most during the worst storms and heaviest rainfall, but what happens when there’s a power outage?! That’s where the backup system comes in. They provide you with an extra layer of protection to keep your home dry, even when the mains power supply fails.

🔋 Battery Backup Sump Pump

A battery backup system is a secondary pump that’s powered by a battery, and automatically kicks in when the main pump fails.

💧 Water Powered Backup Sump Pump

A water powered system uses your home’s water pressure from the mains water supply, not electricity, to pump water out. 

Sump Pump Summary

A sump pump is vital for protecting your home from water damage by removing excess water from basements and crawl spaces. It's crucial to choose the right sump pump for your specific needs, considering factors like power, flow rate, and head pressure. Backup systems are also essential for ensuring continuous protection during power outages or pump failures. 

Professional Home & Commercial Sump Pump Installation, Repairs & Maintenance

For expert advice and professional sump pump installation, repairs, and maintenance, always seek a licensed professional plumber. If you're in Sydney, Sutherland Shire, or the surrounding areas, you can contact Bayside Plumbing on 1300 417 563 for more information and help with your sump pump and drainage needs.